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Theo ket qua nghien cuu cua truong
dai hoc Utrecht/ Holland, Vatican thuoc mot trong so cac nuoc rua tien nhieu
nhat the gioi; trong nam 2005 Vatican city rua hon 15 ty ( 15.000 trieu )
dollas. Xem table 2.13 va 2.14.
THE AMOUNTS AND THE EFFECTS
OF MONEY
LAUNDERING
Report for the Ministry of Finance
February 16, 2006
© David April
By:
prof. dr. Brigitte Unger
drs. Melissa Siegel
Joras Ferwerda,
BSc
Wouter de Kruijf,
BSc
drs. Madalina Busuioic
Kristen Wokke
Utrecht School of Economics
Vredenburg 138
3511 BG Utrecht
Nederland
b.unger econ.uu.nl
0031-(0)30-253-9809
dr. Greg Rawlings
Australian National University
Centre for Tax System Integrity
RegNet, RSSS,
Canberra ACT 0200
Australia
greg.rawlings anu.edu.au
With thanks to the members of the advisory board,
the interviewees, the
academic staff at Utrecht School of Economics and
other institutions, and the
students of Utrecht School of Economics.
With thanks to the Australian National University,
RegNet for having
inspired the project proposal and to the Austrian
institutions which
provided help and information. In particular,
thanks to Dr. Eva Stohanzl
from the Ministry of Finance and to Dr. Helene
Schuberth, from the
Austrian National Bank.
Source:
https://www.minfin.nl/binaries/minfin/assets/pdf/actueel/bijlage-nieuwsberichten/2006/02/06-011a.pdf
Table
2.13: Top 20 Destinations of laundered money (Walker 1999)
Rank Destination Amount
($USbill/yr)
% of total
1 US 538 18,9
2 Cayman Islands 138 4,9
3 Russia 120 4,2
4 Italy 106 3,7
5 China 95 3,3
6 Rumania 90 3,2
7 Canada 85 3,0
8 Vatican City
80 2,8
9 Luxembourg 78 2,8
10 France 68 2,4
11 Bahamas 66 2,3
12 Germany 61 2,2
13 Switzerland 58 2,1
14 Bermuda 53 1,9
15 Netherlands 50 1,7
16 Liechtenstein 49 1,7
17 Austria 48 1,7
18 Hong Kong 45 1,6
19 UK 44 1,6
20 Spain 35 1,2
Utrecht School of Economics
THE AMOUNT OF MONEY LAUNDERING
Table
2.14: New attractiveness scores
(The higher the score, the greater
attractiveness to money launderers)
2005.
Country Score
Luxembourg 55.4
Bermuda 26.4
Switzerland 25.7
Cayman Islands, Norway, Hong Kong,
Austria, Liechtenstein 21-20
Belgium, Aruba, Jersey 19-18
Iceland, Canada, Ireland, Singapore, Australia, Isle of
Man, Vatican
City (Holy See)
17-15
France, San Marino,
Guernsey/Alderney/Sark, Germany, Netherlands 15-13
United Arab Emirates, Bahrain,
Gibraltar, Italy, US Virgin Islands,
Cyprus (Greek), Falkland Islands,
Finland, Bahamas, Greece
13-12
Malta, New Zealand, Japan, Barbados,
Guam, Sweden, United States 12-11
Greenland, Hungary, Denmark, Israel,
British Virgin Islands 11-10
Taiwan, French Polynesian, Qatar,
United Kingdom, Spain, Macau,
South Korea, Brunei
10-9
Puerto Rico, Slovenia, Oman,
Portugal, New Caledonia, Pitcairn
Islands, Antigua, Northern Mariana
Islands, Mauritius, Turks and
Caicos, Czech Republic, Saint Kitts
and Nevis, Botswana, Martinique,
Uruguay
9-6
Seychelles, Malaysia, Anguilla,
Slovakia, Kuwait, South Africa,
Namibia, Lithuania, Palau, Chile,
American Samoa, Trinidad and
Tobago, Samoa, Saint Pierre and
Miquelon, Poland, Cook Islands,
Nauru
6-4
Latvia, Panama, Saint Lucia,
Dominica, Croatia, Ukraine, Grenada,
Guadeloupe, Belize, Tunisia,
Bulgaria, Fiji, Thailand, Russia, Libya,
Argentina, Kazakhstan, Costa Rica,
Reunion, Niue, Belarus, Jordan,
Lebanon, Maldives, Turkmenistan,
Brazil, Montserrat, Jamaica,
Philippines, Gabon, Egypt, Guyana,
Guatemala, Saint Vincent and the
Grenadines, Vanuatu, El Salvador
4-2
Monaco, Mexico, Romania, Suriname,
Macedonia, Albania, Swaziland,
Iran, Dominican Republic, Mayotte,
Estonia, Syria, Lesotho, Armenia,
Andorra, Tonga, Cuba, Venezuela,
Colombia, Ghana, Honduras,
Marshall Islands,
Vietnam, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Federated
States of
Micronesia, Paraguay, Zimbabwe
2-1
Ecuador, Mongolia, Papua New Guinea,
Peru, Morocco, Bolivia,
Solomon Islands, The Gambia, Turkey,
Mauritania, Netherlands
Antilles, Myanmar, Sri Lanka,
Nicaragua, Algeria, Kyrgyzstan, Guinea,
Bhutan, Nigeria, Azerbaijan, Cape
Verde, Djibouti, Cameroon, China,
Equatorial Guinea, India, North
Korea, Laos, Uzbekistan, Moldova,
Saudi Arabia, Kenya, Indonesia,
Bangladesh, Togo, Benin, Burkina
Faso, Chad, Sao Tome and Principe,
Tuvalu, Ivory Coast, Zambia,
Angola, Haiti, Cambodia, Pakistan,
Kiribati, Georgia, Madagascar,
Serbia and Montenegro, Liberia,
Ethiopia, Malawi, Congo, Eritrea,
Tanzania, Mali, Rwanda, Iraq, Niger,
Uganda, Central African
Republic, Mozambique, Tajikistan,
Sudan, Yemen, Senegal, Sierra
Leone, Democratic Republic of Congo,
Comoros, Guinea Bissau, Nepal,
Western Sahara, Somalia, West
Bank/Gaza Strip, Afghanistan, Burundi
1-0
Utrecht School of Economics
THE AMOUNT OF MONEY LAUNDERING
https://www.minfin.nl/binaries/minfin/assets/pdf/actueel/bijlage-nieuwsberichten/2006/02/06-011a.pdf
https://www.world66.com/europe/vaticancity/people
Dan so : 932 nguoi / July-2006.
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